Surgical ablation is when either heat or cold is used to create a set of precise lesions in the heart. Over time, the lesions form scar tissue and stop the reentry of the irregular electrical impulses that may cause atrial fibrillation (AF). When scar tissue formation is complete throughout the depth of the tissue, transmurality occurs, causing conduction block, or the blocking of erratic electrical signals. A successful procedure may eliminate the need for antiarrhythmic and anticoagulation medications.
Surgical AF ablation may be performed in either a concomitant open heart or minimally invasive procedure. Concomitant simply means the ablations are performed in conjunction with another procedure. Often, surgical ablation is performed with valve replacement/repair or a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure.